Principles of Praxeology – Part VIII: Temporality and Irreversibility - is now online

Every action takes place in time—and time, as praxeology shows, is not merely physical or mechanical. It is deeply human, bound to the irreversibility of the past, the fluidity of the present, and the uncertainty of the future. This session invites students to think beyond cause and effect, and to grasp why action is always forward-looking, why regret cannot undo, and why “what is done” becomes part of history.

Among the key topics discussed:

• Why all human action is irreversible, and why the past cannot be altered—even hypothetically

• How the categories of past, present, and future function not in physics, but in the logic of human choice

• The fallacy of time travel and counterfactual reasoning from a praxeological standpoint

• Why human beings must act under uncertainty, and why perfection never means infallibility

• How intentions evolve in time and why no two situations are ever identical

• The insight that absolute, permanent happiness is not a condition of actors—but a state beyond action itself

Dr. Mueller challenges us to reconsider common views of history, error, and human striving. In this lecture, students will see that action is always rooted in the present moment, aiming toward an unknown future, and constrained by a past that cannot be undone—but can always be learned from.

This module provides essential insight for understanding the dynamic, unfinished nature of human life and decision-making—an insight at the heart of Austrian economic reasoning.

📖 “The future is open, the past is fixed, and the present is where we act.”

🎓 Ready to see economics through the lens of human action? Click here to explore the course and begin your journey into praxeology: https://antonym6.gumroad.com/l/vesom